Particulars |
Joint Ventures |
Subsidiary |
Liaison Office |
Project Office (PO)/ Branch Office (BO) |
Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) |
Legal status
|
Independent status |
Independent status |
Represents the parent company |
Extended arm of the parent PO is generally set-up for specific projects, whereas a BO is set-up for carrying activities in the course of business |
Independent status |
Approval for commencement
|
JV can be set-up with the approval of MCA and RBI if it is formed as LLP or Company, however if it is formed as unincorporated entity only respective governing authority and RBI's permission shall be required. |
Company can be set-up subject to Foreign Direct Investment guidelines. The best part of this option shall be the Company can be Incorporated & Approval from RBI for FDI can be obtained after receiving the funds. |
Requires specific approval from RBI, before even opening the Bank Account. |
Requires specific approval from RBI, before even opening the Bank Account. |
LLP can be setup subject to Foreign Direct Investment guidelines |
Permitted activities
|
Activities specified in memorandum of association of the company/ Deed/ agreement, subject to Foreign Direct Investment guidelines |
Activities specified in memorandum of association of the company, subject to Foreign Direct Investment guidelines |
Liaison activities No commercial/ business activities are permitted |
Restricted scope Activities listed by RBI are only allowed to be undertaken |
LLP has to be engaged in sectors for which 100% Foreign Direct Investment is allowed through automatic route and no Foreign Direct Investment-linked conditions are applicable |
Key compliance requirements under FEMA
|
Requires to file periodic and annual filings relating to foreign liabilities and assets, receipt of capital and issuance/ transfer of shares to foreign investors |
Requires to file periodic and annual filings relating to foreign liabilities and assets, receipt of capital and issuance/ transfer of shares to foreign investors |
Requires to file Annual activity certificate (by auditors in India) with RBI |
Requires to file Annual activity certificate (by auditors in India) with RBI |
Requires to report the details of receipt of amount of consideration for capital contribution Disinvestment/ transfer of capital contribution are required to be reported to RBI. |
Repatriation
|
Does not require any approval for remittance of post-tax profits; dividends declared will be subject to distribution tax |
Does not require any approval for remittance of post-tax profits; dividends declared will be subject to distribution tax |
LO is not permitted to undertake any business activity; as such, may not be any repatriations from LO. |
Approval not required for remittance of post- tax profits to HO outside India, subject to filing of requisite documents with RBI |
Does not require any approval for remittance of post-tax profits. Unlike a Company, an LLP is not required to pay tax on withdrawal of profits from partner's capital. |
Ease of Exit
|
Prior approval of RBI, ROC and income tax authorities |
Simple or Complex depending upon the strategy adopted. Exit can be through sale of shares or liquidation. |
Prior approval of RBI, ROC and income tax authorities |
Prior approval of RBI, ROC and income tax authorities |
Complex depending upon the strategy adopted Exit can be through sale of interest or dissolution. |
Time Involved (Approx)
|
8-10 weeks |
8-10 weeks |
20-24 weeks |
20-24 weeks |
8-10 weeks |
Compliances
|
Depends upon the legal form of JV |
RBI, MCA and Income Tax, FEMA, etc. |
RBI, MCA and Income Tax, FEMA, etc. |
RBI, MCA and Income Tax, FEMA, etc. |
RBI, MCA and Income Tax, FEMA, etc. |